Abstract: We aimed to evaluate gender differences in the relationships
between headache features, sleep quality, anxiety, depressive
symptoms, and burden of headache in 193 patients (73 percent
women) with chronic tension type headache (CTTH). Sleep quality
was assessed with the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. Headache
features were collected with a four-week diary. The Hospital
Anxiety and Depression Scale was used to assess anxiety/depressive
symptoms. Headache Disability Inventory was used to evaluate
the burden of headache. In men with CTTH, sleep quality was
positive correlated with headache frequency (r = 0.310; p = .018),
emotional (r = 0.518; p < .001) and physical (r = 0.468; p < .001)
burden of headache, and depressive symptoms (r = 0.564;
p < .001). In women, positive correlations were observed between
sleep quality and headache intensity (r = 0.282; p < .001), headache
frequency (r = 0.195; p = .021), emotional burden (r = 0.249;
p = .004), and depressive symptoms (r = 0.382; p < .001). The results
of stepwise regression analyses revealed that depressive symptoms
and emotional burden of headache explained 37.2 percent
of the variance in sleep quality in men (p < .001), whereas depressive
symptoms and headache intensity explained 17.4 percent of
the variance in sleep quality in women (p < .001) with CTTH.
Gender differences associated with poor sleep should be considered
for proper management of individuals with CTTH.
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