Abstract: This work focuses on a technology implementation problem for decarbonizing hard-to-abate CO2 emissions by carbon storage and carbon utilization approaches. The technological pathway to achieve net-zero emissions within an industry by 2050 is proposed, dealing with the implications of sequestrating the industrial CO2 or recycling it to produce low-carbon methanol. A multi-objective mixed integer nonlinear programming model is formulated to minimize the net cost, greenhouse gas emissions, and abiotic resource consumption under a life cycle perspective. The outcome provided by Pareto?s solution represents the compromises of manufacturing CO2-based products: a deep decarbonized and defossilised product entails a large production cost, suggesting the need for subsidies to reach the global markets. The results show that investment strategies for achieving decarbonization targets may differ when integrating the defossilization perspective

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