Abstract: Robust and efficient communication frameworks have become essential for the advancement of manufacturing and industrial processes in the era of Industry 4.0. This paper presents a comprehensive performance analysis of Eclipse Zenoh, a promising solution for the Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT). The analysis is conducted using a real testbed built with Raspberry Pi devices, comparing Eclipse Zenoh's performance against the widely used Message Queuing Telemetry Transport (MQTT) protocol. The study assesses Eclipse Zenoh's capabilities in terms of latency, as well as its reliability and congestion control mechanisms over various network topologies, using both Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) and User Datagram Protocol (UDP). The results indicate that Eclipse Zenoh offers significant advantages in specific scenarios, making it a compelling choice for IIoT applications. Additionally, this paper contributes to a deeper understanding of Eclipse Zenoh's underlying principles and its communication capabilities, positioning it as a versatile and efficient solution for modern industrial environments.

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