Abstract: Noninvasive ventilation (NIV) can decrease the length of stay in the ICU, reduce the number of complications (such as infections), increase the quality of life, and improve the survival, compared to conventional invasive ventilation. The effectiveness of NIV depends on both the time of onset of NIV and the etiology of respiratory failure, so not all diseases will benefit from NIV in the same way. The prediction of NIV failure is very important to prevent a delayed intubation and an increased risk of morbidity and mortality. We aimed to describe the predictors of NIV failure depending on the cause of acute respiratory failure (ARF) doing a brief literature review.

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