Abstract: Giant cell arteritis (GCA) and polymyalgia rheumatica (PMR) are two distinct but closely related conditions that occur in individuals over 50 years, with their incidence increasing with age. PMR is 3 to 5 times more prevalent than GCA. Forty to 60% of GCA patients develop PMR at some point during their illness, while around 20%-30% of PMR patients present with GCA, a figure that may be even higher when considering subclinical forms of GCA. Given this strong association some authors have proposed the term "GCA-PMR spectrum disease" (GPSD) to unify these disorders, placing them at the intersection of autoimmune and autoinflammatory diseases. Despite significant advances in diagnosis and treatment, the management of GCA and PMR remains challenging, largely due to the limited understanding of their etiology and triggering factors.

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