Abstract: Purpose: The purpose of the study was to report the outcomes and late toxicities in patients younger than 60 years of age with long-term follow-up treated with low dose rate (LDR) brachytherapy for localized prostate cancer. Methods: Between January 2000 and December 2009, 270 consecutive patients were treated with favourable localized prostate cancer; the median follow-up was 111 months (range 21?206). All patients received one implant of LDR brachytherapy. Toxicity was reported according to the Common Toxicity Criteria for Adverse Events, Version 4.0 (CTAE v4.02) by the National Cancer Institute. Results: The overall survival according to Kaplan?Meier estimates was 99 (±1%) at 17 years. The 17-year rate for failure in tumour-free survival (TFS) was 97% (±1%), whereas for biochemical control it was 95% (±1%) at 17 years, 97% (±1%) of patients being free of local recurrence. No intraoperative or perioperative complications occurred. Acute genitourinary (GU) grade II toxicity was 4% at 12 months. No other chronic toxicity was observed after treatment. At 6 months, 94% of patients reported no change in bowel function. Conclusions: LDR brachytherapy provides patients younger than 60 years of age with low and intermediate-risk prostate cancer excellent outcomes and has a low risk of significant long-term GU or gastrointestinal morbidity.

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