Abstract: Background: The medical literature indicates gaps in the knowledge and skills of nurses regarding breastfeeding. Studies show a need for updated knowledge and skills, which can affect breastfeeding rates and practices. The regulated specialty of Pediatric Nursing in Spain requires specific training, yet there are concerns about the adequacy of this training regarding breastfeeding. Aim: To evaluate the level of knowledge and skills in breastfeeding among pediatric nursing residents in Spain. Design: An exploratory observational study was conducted in 2022 following the STROBE guidelines. Methods: The study invited all pediatric nursing residents training units in Spain to participate. Data were collected through an online questionnaire, including the ?Survey on Breastfeeding Knowledge in Nurses? (ECoLaE), which evaluates basic breastfeeding knowledge and daily problem-solving skills. Sociodemographic and professional variables were collected. Data analysis was performed using SPSS 15.0, with descriptive statistics and bivariate analyses to identify key variables associated with breastfeeding knowledge and skills. Results: The study received 128 responses. Most respondents were female (96.9%), with a mean age of 26 years. The average score on the ECoLaE questionnaire was 19.18 ± 3.05 points, with 74.2% having good knowledge. No significant differences were found between breastfeeding knowledge and sociodemographic/professional variables, except for training hours in breastfeeding, which showed significant differences. Conclusions: The study highlights the importance of specific and continuous training in breastfeeding for healthcare professionals, particularly pediatric nursing residents. Although general knowledge about breastfeeding is good, there is a need for improved and expanded training programs to achieve excellence. Training hours are crucial for better preparation, and practical experience should be integrated into education programs to enhance confidence and effectiveness in managing breastfeeding.

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