Abstract: The transition to a low-carbon energy system is essential to addressing climate change, but its implementation in rural landscapes must be sensitive to local cultural, territorial, and symbolic values. In the province of Ja´ en (southern Spain), olive cultivation represents not only a key economic sector, but also a deeply rooted cultural and landscape identity. This study aimed to analyze how olive growers perceive the energy transition and to identify the factors shaping their acceptance of renewable energy models, through a triangulated approach that combines sociodemographic data, cultural identity, and landscape perception. A structured survey of 399 respondents from 73 municipalities was conducted. The analysis combined descriptive statistics, chi-square tests, logistic regression, and cluster analysis. The results show that 37.5% of respondents consider renewable energy to be very important for the future of olive farming, while 27% accept the integration of agrivoltaic systems into olive groves. Logistic regression models identify age (? = 0.042, p = 0.001) and landownership (p ? 0.06) as the strongest predictors of acceptance. Cluster analysis reveals three distinct attitudinal profiles: Preservers of Tradition (39%), Concerned but Receptive (30%), and Open-Minded Supporters (31%). While overall acceptance of renewable energy is high, concerns persist about its potential cultural and visual impact, particularly among those with strong territorial attachment. The findings underline the need for flexible and context-specific energy strategies that integrate innovation while preserving rural identity and landscape heritage.
