Abstract: We present the X-ray spectra of 185 bright sources detected in the XMM-Newton deep survey of the Chandra Deep Field South with the three EPIC cameras combined. The 2?10 keV flux limit of the sample is 2 × 10?15 erg s?1 cm?2. The sources are distributed over a redshift range of z?=?0.1?3.8, with 11 new X-ray redshift measurements included. A spectral analysis was performed using a simple model to obtain absorbing column densities, rest-frame 2?10 keV luminosities, and Fe K line properties of 180 sources at z?>?0.4. Obscured AGN are found to be more abundant toward higher redshifts. Using the XMM-Newton data alone, seven Compton-thick AGN candidates were identified, which set the Compton-thick AGN fraction at ?4%. An exploratory spectral inspection method with two rest-frame X-ray colours and an Fe line strength indicator was introduced and tested against the results from spectral fitting. This method works reasonably well to characterise a spectral shape and can be useful for a pre-selection of Compton-thick AGN candidates. We found six objects exhibiting broad Fe K lines out of 21 unobscured AGN of best data quality, implying a detection rate of ?30%. Five redshift spikes, each with more than six sources, are identified in the redshift distribution of the X-ray sources. Contrary to the overall trend, the sources at the two higher redshift spikes, at z?=?1.61 and z?=?2.57, exhibit a puzzlingly low obscuration.

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