Abstract: The effects of globalization, exemplified by the continuous increase in trade and foreign direct investment flows, on economic growth have been addressed in the literature from very different perspectives. In this paper, using the case of Spain at the regional level as a sort of laboratory, this issue is analyzed through different methodologies that allow, on the one hand, to test the robustness of the results and, on the other hand, to differentiate between short- and long-term effects. The findings indicate that both variables, but especially the increase in trade, boosted economic growth in the Spanish regions during the period prior to the economic crisis unleashed in 2008.

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