Abstract: Cranial radiotherapy (CRT) is used to treat a large variety of benign and malignant disorders. We present two cases of late neurological complications after CRT and briefly discuss its diagnosis and their shared pathophysiological aspects. The first case is a patient with cognitive impairment associated to mineralizing microangiopathy ten years after CRT for nasopharyngeal carcinoma and the second one is a woman with Stroke-like Migraine Attacks after Radiation Therapy (SMART) syndrome two years after CRT for anaplastic meningioma. Nowadays, higher survival rates might cause an increase in appearance of late neurological complications after CTR. These reported cases show that late complications can mimic a wide variety of neurological conditions and the importance of magnetic resonance image (MRI) to get a diagnosis.

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