Abstract: This article deals with the problem of apply-ing observability techniques to structural system identi-fication, understanding as such the problem of identify-ing which is the subset of characteristics of the structure,such as Young´s modulus, area, inertia, and/or productof them (flexural or axial stiffnesses) that can be uniquelydefined when an adequate subset of deflections, forces,and/or moments in the nodes is provided. Compared withother standard observability problems, two issues arisehere. First, nonlinear unknown variables (products orquotients of elemental variables) appear and second, themechanical and geometrical properties of the structureare "coupled" with the deflections and/or rotations at thenodes. To solve these problems, an algebraic method thatadapts the standard observability problem to deal withstructural system identification is proposed in this article.The results obtained show, for the very first time, how ob-servability techniques can be efficiently used for the iden-tification of structural systems. Some examples are givento illustrate the proposed methodology and to demon-strate its power

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