Abstract: Objective: To determine the prevalence, risk factors and functional results of chronic critical illness (CCI) in polytrauma patients. Design: Single-center observational retrospective study Setting: ICU at a tertiary hospital in Santander, Spain, between 2015 and 2019. Patients: Adult trauma patients who survived beyond 48?h after injury . CCI was defined as the need for mechanical ventilation for at least 14?days or tracheostomy for difficult weaning. Measurements and main results: About 62/575 developed CCI. These patients were characterized by higher ISS score [17 (SD 10) vs. 13.8 (SD 8.2); p? 55?years) (OR 2.1 95%CI 1.1?4.2), ISS score (OR 1.1 95%CI 1.02?1.3), GCS score (OR 0.8 95%CI 0.4?23.2) and multiple organ failure (OR 9.5 95%CI 3.9?23.2) were predictors of CCI in the multivariate analysis. Conclusions: CCI after severe trauma appears in a considerable proportion of patients. Early identification and implementation of specific interventions could change the evolution of this process.

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