Abstract: Populations of heterogeneous phase oscillators with frustrated random interactions exhibit a quasiglassy state in which the distribution of local fields is volcanoshaped. In a recent work [Phys. Rev. Lett. 120, 264102 (2018)10.1103/PhysRevLett.120.264102], the volcano transition was replicated in a solvable model using a low-rank, random coupling matrix M. We extend here that model including tunable nonreciprocal interactions, i.e., MT?M. More specifically, we formulate two different solvable models. In both of them the volcano transition persists if matrix elements Mjk and Mkj are enough correlated. Our numerical simulations fully confirm the analytical results. To put our work in a wider context, we also investigate numerically the volcano transition in the analogous model with a full-rank random coupling matrix. © 2023 American Physical Society.

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