Abstract: Purpose To assess if the associations found between three previously identified dietary patterns with breast, prostate and
gastric cancer are also observed for colorectal cancer (CRC).
Methods MCC-Spain is a multicase-control study that collected information of 1629 incident cases of CRC and 3509 population-
based controls from 11 Spanish provinces. Western, Prudent and Mediterranean data-driven dietary patterns?derived
in another Spanish case-control study?were reconstructed in MCC-Spain. Their association with CRC was assessed using
mixed multivariable logistic regression models considering a possible interaction with sex. Risk by tumor site (proximal
colon, distal colon, and rectum) was evaluated using multinomial regression models.
Results While no effect of the Prudent pattern on CRC risk was observed, a high adherence to the Western dietary pattern
was associated with increased CRC risk for both males [
ORfourth(Q4) vs. first(Q1)quartile (95% CI): 1.45 (1.11;1.91)] and females
[
ORQ4 vs. Q1 (95% CI): 1.50 (1.07;2.09)] but seem to be confined to distal colon [
ORfourth(Q4) vs. first(Q1)quartile (95% CI): 2.02
(1.44;2.84)] and rectal [
ORQ4 vs. Q1 (95% CI): 1.46 (1.05;2.01)] tumors. The protective effect of the Mediterranean dietary
pattern against CRC was observed for both sexes [males: ORQ4
vs. Q1 (95% CI): 0.71 (0.55;0.92); females: ORQ4
vs. Q1 (95%
CI): 0.56 (0.40;0.77)] and for all cancer sites: proximal colon [
ORQ4 vs. Q1 (95% CI): 0.70 (0.51;0.97)], distal colon [
ORQ4 vs. Q1
(95% CI): 0.65 (0.48;0.89)], and rectum (
ORQ4 vs. Q1 (95% CI): 0.60 (0.45;0.81)].
Conclusion Our results are consistent with most of the associations previously found between these patterns and breast,
prostate and gastric cancer risk and indicate that consuming whole fruits, vegetables, legumes, olive oil, nuts, and fish and
avoiding red and processed meat, refined grains, sweets, caloric drinks, juices, convenience food, and sauces might reduce
CRC risk.
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