Abstract: Non-alcoholic fatty acid disease (NAFLD) can develop in the context of multiple processes but the main etiologic association is undoubtedly with insulin resistance syndrome. The present review aims to provide a systematic diagnostic approach that should include the following basic elements: a) a suspected diagnosis of NAFLD, including confirmation of abstinence from alcohol, exclusion of other potential causes of liver steatosis and diagnosis of potential associated diseases; b) diagnosis of insulin resistance; c) diagnosis of potential associated diseases; d) adequate evaluation of vascular risk; e) diagnosis of the type and localization of fat, and finally, f) evaluation of the severity of NAFLD, which can be performed through invasive and non-invasive techniques.

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