Abstract: Insertion-deletions have been reported very useful markers for forensic purposes. To further deepen in
this matter, 38 non-coding bi-allelic autosomal indels were analyzed in 575 individuals representing six
populations from the northern fringe of the Iberian Peninsula. Autochthonous populations from the
Basque Country, northern Navarre, the Pas Valley in Cantabria and Aragon were analyzed, together with
non-autochthonous populations from the Basque Country and northern Navarre. At the intra-population
level, all loci analyzed were in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium except for marker rs33917182 in
autochthonous Basques. Linkage disequilibrium (LD) test did not reveal statistically significant allelic
association between the different loci pairs in all six populations. Forensic parameters proved to be highly
informative in the six populations analyzed, even if a scenario with population substructure and local
inbreeding was considered for match probability calculations, and the potential of this indels set to be
used in combination with other genetic markers is remarkable. As for inter-population analyses, in
general terms the six populations showed low but statistically significant genetic distances. However,
though this indels set efficiently differentiate between main ancestries, it does not allow an accurate
separation at a local level and, for the time being, their combination with other informative markers is
needed to maximize the power to accurately differentiate populations with close genetic ancestry.
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